S.S. Keewatin Coming to Kingston

Just as my wife was reading the headline from social media, the following email (excerpted in quotes below) from the MMGLK plinged into my inbox.

Negotiations had been ongoing for some time, with the Keewatin being a floating road-block to the housing development plans of the property owner, Skyline Investments. A willing foster-home was sought, the number of which on the Great Lakes likely not exceeding the two masts on the subject ship's superstructure. My understanding of the Keewatin's Kingston connection is that it once sailed through our waters on the way to its cruising career on the Upper Lakes. 

The Keewatin  will take the place of another vessel formerly featured by the MMGLK, the coast guard cutter CCGS Alexander Henry. Built, working and now returned to Thunder Bay, her connection to Kingston was also tenuous. Except that Kingston's Marine Museum is of the Great Lakes. 

As built, the Keewatin was too large for the St. Lawrence Canal locks. The vessel was reassembled at Buffalo, NY. Not only in package freight service, passengers disembarked at Port McNicoll for the 38-hour passage to Fort William. Sold by CP in 1966, the vessel went to Saugatuck, MI.

"The S.S. Keewatin is the last Edwardian-era (Titanic-era) steamliner formerly owned by CP Rail and built in Scotland in 1907. 

CP Rail steamships such as ‘The Kee’ ferried tourists, settlers, and cargo throughout the Great Lakes from the early 20th century until their retirement in the 1960s. Of the some 3,800 similar ships built in the UK between 1900 and 1920, only the Keewatin survives. Following its transportation from Port McNicoll, ON this spring to a shipyard for much needed repairs and maintenance, this historic artifact will be integrated into the Museum's extensive transportation collection covering the last 200 years of Great Lakes history and offer a new cultural experience in Kingston. There have also been multiple books written about The Kee that cover its technical specifications and history. We look forward to sharing this information and our own research once the ship arrives in Kingston.

The ship was donated to the Museum by Skyline Investments. Skyline sought to give the Keewatin to a charity which was approved by Canadian Heritage, had the resources to care for the ship, and was qualified to ensure the long-term preservation of Canadian cultural property such as The Kee.

Following the announcement this morning, the ship will be prepared for transit. It will leave its current home in mid to late-April depending on weather. The ship requires significant repairs and is not expected in Kingston until the fall of 2023."

MARCH 2023 UPDATE: Of course this move was not going to go smoothly. The Whig published a story based on a complaint from the Keep Keewatin Home group. Then, the Museum sent out an email with talking points:

The first thing to know is that no group in Port McNicoll has been successful in raising the necessary funds for repairs and maintenance, obtaining the Canadian Heritage designation required to maintain this cultural property, and acquiring a new place in Port McNicoll to dock the ship.

To underscore those points, the ship cannot remain in Port McNicoll as there is no qualified or resourced organization to care for it and nowhere to park it. It cannot remain moored where it is due to planned developments by the new property owner. The previous owner of the Keewatin itself, Skyline Investments, tried for years to keep the ship in the Georgian Bay area and could not successfully find a new home. Multiple other communities along the Great Lakes turned this opportunity down.

Secondly, if the Keewatin wasn't coming to Kingston, it would be going somewhere else or would be scrapped. This is why we have been noting in our statements that we have the expertise and resources to care for the ship within our drydock – we are an ideal home.

Thirdly, The Museum was approached as a home for the Keewatin and responded as part of our mandate and responsibility for Canadian cultural heritage property relating to the Great Lakes. We have not “appropriated” the ship – we have accepted a donation after being approached as a potential home for the vessel.

In addition, to qualify to receive the Keewatin, we had to go through a gruelling review process by the Canadian Conservation Institute to demonstrate we had the expertise and resources to preserve the ship, a review process no one in the Port McNicoll area has successfully completed. 

While the ship's hull is in good condition for a move, there’s much to do before the ship arrives in Kingston. We are spending this time collecting stories and documenting artifacts. We are also awaiting the melting of ice on Georgian Bay before moving the ship from Port McNicoll. The move to the shipyard will occur in late April or early May, with the ship arriving in Kingston this fall.

It remains to be seen if this timeline can be adhered to.

APRIL 2023 UPDATE: The Keewatin is being moved toward the Welland Canal with two tugs.

Kingston Life Article

Back in January, I had an enjoyable Zoom interview for Kingston Life with writer Kirsteen Macleod and a subsequent visit from photographer Rob Whelan. As we all know, but some may forget, my Hanley Spur layout is only on display at one location - one from which it can not budged. Articles like this one, as well as those published by local media The Skeleton Press and the Kingstonist, provide outreach. Rob survived the photo shoot, while perched on a kitchen stool at roof level, with flash clamped to a set of shelves and your humble blogger holding court in his happy place (online article post photo - top). When I asked Rob whether subjects ever chip in with photography advice, he related that making someone look good in a photo makes him look good! For anyone that thinks the layout is some sprawling basement-filler, Rob's work shows just how small this 1:87 world is. Kingston in 10 by 11 feet:

Here are some screenshots of the article, throughout which Kirsteen successfully wove several threads of my history as well as that portrayed on the layout, books and blog. Thanks to Kirsteen, Rob and all those working behind the scenes at Kingston Life!

 

The Hanley Spur's Namesakes

Although I've entitled this blog and my layout 'Kingston's Hanley Spur', where did the name come from? (In both those contexts, I refer to the parallel CN and CP lines reaching our waterfront as the Hanley Spur, though that was only an official title of the CN 'branchline'.) The spur was named in honour of several men of the Hanley family. (I could use the terms eponyms or namesakes interchangeably.) The Hanley family the operated what we would today call a travel agency, namely the train/ship ticket office that was later known as Kingston's Inner Station, or the Hanley Station.

THE GTR BRANCHLINE COMPLETED

The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) Montreal-Toronto mainline officially opened in October, 1856. Soon there were efforts underway locally to build a branchline to the waterfront. The GTR bought land bounded by William, Ontario and Johnson Streets on the waterfront in November, 1856. The branchline opened on November 2, 1860. The branchline was extended to the locomotive plant in September, 1864.

THE HANLEY TICKET AGENCY 

With the completion of the branchline, Thomas Hanley and Frederick Bolger opened a ticket agency in 1871. It was located at the foot of Brock Street in the old Forsythe Building. Later, Thomas Hanley moved the ticket office into part of the Anglo-American Hotel, on the kitty-corner to the Inner Station. An 1882 Whig ad (below). Needing a more permanent presence, the Hanleys had a 43x45-foot ticket office built, known as the Grand Trunk Railway General Ticket Agency and GTR Passenger Depot (top photo, superimposed over today's condos!)

GTR’s 1886 Inner Station was designed by William Newlands as was the K&P’s station, just one block away, also on the south side of Ontario Street. Located at the prominent corner of Ontario and Johnson Streets, the GTR station was topped by a three-sided mansard roof. The sales office on the corner was flanked by waiting rooms along both streets.

Built of red brick, with yellow accents, hand-painted period advertising proclaimed the worldliness of this little GTR outpost. “Passenger Trains for All Directions Leave from Here”; “Short Line East-West”, “Allan Line-Royal Mail Steamship Office”; ”Tourist Tickets”; “Office Montreal and Dominion Telegraph” and “Remember This is the Only Line Running Pullman Class”. Names of distant cities were also spelled out: “St John[sic]-Halifax-Montreal-Boston-Detroit-Windsor”: 

A letterhead proclaimed 'Hanley's General Ticket Agency for all Railways, Steamships and other Transportation Lines.' Thomas Hanley was General Manager, T.A. Hanley was Chief Clerk, J.P. Hanley was Secretary and Treasurer, and James Hanley as Outside Agent. The GTR operated a wharf and freight station at the same location.

An 1898 harvest excursion ad (above) albeit to the Midwestern U.S., not Canada. GTR then CN Suburban service linking the Inner and Outer Stations operated from 1885 until January 4, 1930. The end of the Suburban service meant that the Hanleys closed their Ontario and Johnson Street office, relocating to the CN-leased office at Princess and Bagot Streets in the Mowat Building on October 1, 1930. They were now CN's City Passenger and Ticket Agents. V.C. Hanley was Passenger Agent, J.S. Hanley was Ticket Agent, and Thomas Percy the Ticket Clerk. Interestingly, their telephone #99 remained the same as the first telephone installed in the Inner Station office over 30 years ago. A 1930 ad: 

THEN A RESTAURANT...

CN sold its Ontario and Johnson Street property to the Canadian Locomotive Company in 1945, except for the former Inner Station site that was sold to Marion McNevin. It was leased to a variety of clients in the ensuing years: a motorcycle shop, ladies' hair boutique then restaurant.

The Hanley's Station Dining Room Restaurant operated in the former Inner Station circa 1983-88 (1984 Whig ad, above). Undergoing an interior redesign imder new ownership that began in September, 1985. In the winter of 1984-85, a new logo was designed by David Stone and Associates, a local graphic design firm. Ironically, it included a charging Canadian Pacific Selkirk steamer (below). Other eateries in the building included Joe College in 1988, Mexicali Rosa's, Frankie Pestos, Paddy J Murphy's, and others.

THE HANLEY FAMILY

Thomas Hanley and his wife Sarah McCauley had three sons: Cleary Vincent, Frank A. and James P. and three sisters. Joseph P. Hanley was born on March 2, 1863. he began his career at the GTR freight office in the Napanee station as Clerk, under his uncle J.P. Hanley. he transferred to the Kingston freight depot in 1882, joining his father Thomas at the GTR ticket agency in 1884, then succeeding his father upon his father's death in 1896. He married Katie Reid, daughter of the late James Reid in 1888, though she died in 1891. The couple had one son, James S. Hanley.

Joseph was known as a "most efficient and well-informed railway man" in the local press. Joseph P. Hanley died at his 67 Earl Street home on January 8, 1930.

Molly Aldridge called herself the sole surviving member of the Hanley Family in a 1985 Whig interview, a daughter of Cleary Hanley. 

CONNECTIONS

I received a comment on my Trackside Treasure blog in 2015 from Laura (Hanley) Roobol, great-granddaughter of J.P. Hanley who didn't know that the spur was named after the Hanleys. She referred to the ticket office as Hanley Station. In 2016, also on Trackside Treasure, a comment from Joseph Peter Hanley of Ottawa, a great-grandson of J.P. Hanley. After publishing this post, Joseph Peter Hanley commented and emailed: "I grew up in Kingston and was always aware of the GTR connection, and of course, the location of the station as it was only a couple of blocks from where I was raised at 85 Wellington St.  The Hanley home was at 67 Earl St. (at Wellington St) and is designated a historical building. The coal and sand docks where the Delta Hotel by Marriott is now located were also a part of the Hanley history as they owned the dock. The dock came into my sister and my hands briefly (inheritance) when my father, Joseph L Hanley passed away (car accident) in 1959.  Prior to that, lakers tied up there for the winter."

RESOURCES

The late Gordon Smithson wrote an article 'The Hanleys of Kingston' in the January 1992, Volume 40 edition of the Kingston Historical Society's Historic Kingston.

Sunset Drone View of 'Ground Zero'

SkEye Stream posted this colourful sunset image of what I've termed 'Ground Zero' - Cataraqui near Rideau Streets. That's where the National Grocers building, Bailey broom factory, and Woolen Mill still stand. It is perhaps the best-preserved piece of Kingston waterfront industry in continuously-occupied buildings, and I've modelled all of them on my Hanley Spur layout.

It's often so difficult to relate what I'm doing to others. Are all these buildings still standing? Well, no. Well that's a bummer. But it's okay, because on the layout, they are still standing. When David from SkEye Stream captured this image, most people who view it see 'sunset'. I see 'structures'. 

With SkEye Stream's usual generosity, I've done some photo editing to bring out the elements in the top photo that I really like.

The Whig-Standard warehouse that reached the CN Hanley Spur, but didn't reach Rideau Street. It's only accessible by a laneway. The NGB main warehouse and attached trackside extensions, then the diminutive 'Broom Factory', now office and performance space. The former Harold's Demolition scrapyard has been replaced by what was the Dave Broadfoot Parking Lot:

Some differences from this 1951 archival aerial are evident:

Just the Woolen Mill. Imagine the wooden beams that were used to build that roof!

It's always impressive to see all the windows that brought the outside in, especially important in visually inspecting the products on the looms inside during production:

Freight Yard Junk

Freight Yard Junk...this is not Up Town Funk. There's a right way and a wrong way to model junk. Industrial bric-a-brac. Freight-yard detritus. When you see 'the right way' you'll know it. It's not about placing a 45-gallon drum here, and one here, and one here like some sort of HO-scale Bob Ross painting full of happy little trees. This stuff builds up over time, gets pushed out of the way for...more stuff to build up. It's layers of someday stuff that gradually gets forgotten, as long as the vehicles and trains can travel through it, sometimes in close quarters. 

The most precise modelling technique to reproduce this effectively would employ surgical precision with forceps placement and gluing of each piece, perhaps using a square-foot-by-square-foot grid approach to get the judicious junk juxtaposition of the prototype.

This video shows a 1969 Chrysler Newport chasing a 1973 Triumph Spitfire. Before the video even starts, you just know that the stolen Spitfire is going to win. Spoiler alert - a Seaboard Coast Line train gets between the two cars (speeded-up video keeps it safe!) and the Smokeys apprehend the Chrysler's outsmarted occupants. The location may be around Columbia, South Carolina, and the timeframe is five years past my circa 1970 modelled prototype.

Here are some faded screenshots presented as aides-memoires for me, next time I fill in a vacant part of the layout with model junk.

Hanley Spur in Print: CN Lines and Kingston Life

Thanks to the kind invitation of Al Lill, Chairman of the Canadian National Railways Historical Association and Kevin Holland, Editor of the CNRHA magazine CN Lines, I was pleased to contribute an article to the latest edition of this fine magazine. After all, as a minor terminal on a major subdivision bearing its name, Kingston's CNR and Grand Trunk Railway connections did much to link the city to the rest of Canada. Many readers will know about the Montreal Street Outer Station, the Counter Street Station, and even our long-gone locomotive manufacturer, the Canadian Locomotive Company. But how many readers would otherwise know of the existence of the diminutive Hanley Spur?

Kevin did the article justice; it runs ten pages with photos and maps. Kevin included colour images of CLC's contributions to the CN motive power roster, and my article is bracketed by other interesting articles on CN steam, ACI labels on CN, Automobile Transporters and much, much more!

It's unlikely that my Dad would have thought that our city streetmap, a decades-long denizen of our family-car glove compartment, would have ever made it into print! It's a folding fan o' fun showing streets and tracks. I have found no better map, and no easier way to orient readers to the convoluted and congested CN Hanley Spur and CP trackage that once wandered its way along our waterfront:

While anticipating the publication of the above article, I had an enjoyable Zoom interview with Kirsteen MacLeod for an upcoming issue of Kingston Life magazine. I was mightily impressed that Kirsteen led with the term 'railfan' early in our conversation! It's sometimes difficult to orient a non-railfan to why we do what we do, or why some of us build model railways. But Kirsteen seemed to understand, and I'm looking forward to more column-inches describing Kingston's waterfront industrial heritage, whether it's in 1:1 or 1:87 scale.

Photographer Rob Whelan visited the layout on January 24. We spent an enjoyable hour talking about the Hanley Spur, and finding the angles and lighting that achieved the shots Rob wanted. He put our old kitchen stepstool/chair to good use, getting some high angles that I know will show the layout to advantage!

 

Fort Frontenac - History

Partie Un - THE FRENCH 

In 1673, Count Frontenac had a fort built at the confluence of the Cataraqui River and Lake Ontario. The French intent was to control access to the fur-trading territory of the Great Lakes and Canadian Shield. Beaver fut, especially the shorter, inner layer for making of many styles of hats in Europe. Indigenous peoples had worn beaver robes and used them for sleeping. Beaver pelts would be the key to Fort Frontenac and moreover to Kingston. Despite King Louis XIV's belief that finances should be expended within Quebec, De Courcelles and Frontenac advanced the construction of a trading post here, funding it independently. The wooden fort was built within a week of Frontenac meeting the local Iroquois on July 12, 1673, commanded by Commandant LaSalle following Frontenac's departure. LaSalle had the fort rebuilt as a masonry building reinforced with three limestone walls, square bastions and a wooden palisade in 1675. Several outbuildings and civilian settlements were established around it. 

The fort would be the base of LaSalle's explorations, as well as a French outpost against the English and the Iroquois. Treachery against the indigenous people by Denonville and a subsequent 1687 siege against the French was followed by explosive charges being set in the walls with short-burning fuses. Frontenac had the fort rebuilt of stone again in 1695, after six years of abandonment and threatened further demolition, arriving with a garrison of 300. The fort was guarded by a smaller garrison by the French until 1745, with its use latterly as a warehouse for furs and supplies. With British ambitions of greater expansion becoming evident, a garrison of 70 men was stationed there in 1753, the fortifications reinforced, and Montcalm visited the fort.  Even 1,600 British prisoners, taken at the battle of Fort Oswego, were brought to the fort. When British ships appeared offshore in August of 1758, the small French force under Captain Noyan opted for surrender, as it was outnumbered, with 110 French facing 3,000 British!

Part Two - THE ENGLISH

Captured by the British under Colonel Bradstreet in 1758, the fort was burned at once, the walls pushed over, and Bradstreet departed. (Bradstreet was unusual due to Canada being his birthplace, unlike most British officers - he was born at Annapolis Royal, NS in 1714.) Following the defeat of the French at Quebec in 1759, the site came under British control. Major Robert Rogers, of Rogers' Rangers, camped there in September, 1760 on the way to take over western posts from the French after the capitulation of Montreal. The fort sat deserted for 25 years, until barracks for 450, named Tete-du-Pont were built in 1783 by Major Ross, British commander at Oswego. This was subsequent to Carleton Island, a major British river base, became American territory. The British garrison he now commanded would be a stepping-off point for United Empire Loyalist settlement into the Cataraqui region.

In November, 1812 the HMS Royal George was chased into Kingston by Commodore Chanuncey. Major John Vincent rallied the militia and shore batteries that drove off the American ships.  York was captured by the Americans in 1813. The fort was deemed obsolete in 1814. The resurgence of Kingston as a location of strategic military importance resulted in the construction of the LaSalle and De Noyan blocks in 1827 and the Vincent block in 1847. These improved Kingston's land defences, as did the building of Royal Artillery Park, an advance battery on Fort Henry hill, and the 1837 reopening of the Royal Navy Dockyard that had closed in two years before. 

And Then - THE CANADIANS

Despite nearly a century of occupation, little evidence of the French presence remained after the British conquest. However, it marked the first stage of continuous European settlement in Kingston. Once all British troops had returned home following Confederation, Canada manned the abandoned forts by establishing 'A', and and then 'B', battery of Garrison Artillery. These were the first units of a Canadian Permanent Active Militia under Militia General Order No. 24 issued October 20, 1871. In 1901, they were redesignated the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. The site was declared a National Historic Site in 1923. The Ross Block and Heating Plant were constructed in 1936, followed by the Courcelles and Bradstreet Blocks, rather hurriedly in 1941 during World War II. The RCHA had been mobilized for overseas duty in 1939. The Ross Block had been named the Royal Canadian Artillery School and Brigade Building, becoming an important recruiting and dispatch centre during the war. The complex was once again named 'Fort Frontenac' in 1938. A Public Archives of Canada aerial view taken in 1920 shows the location of the fort between Ontario Street and its CN/CP joint trackage, and the causeway: 

The Canadian Land Forces Command and Staff College were established on the site in 1947. Troops have been mustered behind its walls for every Canadian campaign. A 1964 aerial photo for comparison (Queen's University Archives, Kingston Whig-Standard Fonds , V142.1-45):

Lots o' links:

• 3D renderings of Fort Frontenac
• from another source

including one image that helps orient the original fort into the current streetscape of Ontario Street at Place d'Armes:

Since I'm unlikely to ever be granted access to the grounds, here's a Parks Canada Agency 1995 photo showing the remnants of the southern walls within the fort property (below). Remnants were discovered and exposed during a 1982 archeological study. Vestiges of the north and west curtain walls are incorporated within a traffic circle on the north side of Ontario Street, redesigned in 1984 by the city of Kingston.

I walked the northern wall of the fort on July, 2022, with the remnants of the original bastion just visible at right (below). 

The 1820-built gate to the Tete du Pont Barracks, once extended 16 feet into the roadway, creating a bottleneck and  hazard for autos.  In early 1930, the city Board of Works asked the Department of National Defence to rebuild the gate. Whig clipping published May 15, 1930 (below). Within a year, the 'introverted' gate now made Ontario Street 18 feet wider, and the work was speedily completed by December of that year! Each stone in the gate had removed, numbered, and replaced in the same position. All of this was done for the grand sum of $2,500. The city paid one-third. The work done was by unemployed men under the auspices of a government  Depression  unemployment scheme and Bews and Friendship Construction. guard was no longer stationed at the newly-oriented gate!

Detailed views of the site showing heritage designations: Green = recognized and Pink = classified.

De

Designations and former uses of constituent buildings:

Inner Harbour Hulks

(W)oolen Mill - (C)anadian Dredge & Dock - (N)ormandy Hall

KINGSTON'S INNER HARBOUR

The slow-moving waters of the Cataraqui River made it a natural aquatic avenue for transportation, travel and trade. The Inner Harbour is considered an embayment of Lake Ontario, extending nearly five miles north to Highway 401. The Cataraqui River is one of two distinct river systems comprising the Rideau Canal connecting Kingston to Ottawa. It drains 930 square kilometres of rural, Canadian Shield bedrock drainage into Lake Ontario via the Inner Harbour. As a mixing region typical of an estuary, sediment from upstream tributaries mix with sediments from the inlet to Lake Ontario. 

NORMANDY HALL EXCAVATION - 1953

Wooden remains of four vessels were unearthed during the construction of Normandy Hall, a training facility being built across Ontario Street at the western end of the LaSalle Causeway, in 1953. At first thought to be French vessels destroyed by the English, during the capture of Fort Frontenac in 1758, this was not the case. Based on their construction and location, it was determined that they were four barges abandoned in shallow water north of the Tete-du-Pont Barracks. 

Calls for the removal of said barges were made as early as 1861. The use of wonderfully-Victorian terms like "Asiatic cholera" and "malarious exhalation" to describe the dangerous of waterborne disease belied the view of Kingstonians of the time that these eyesores were seen by some merely as a source of firewood, at least above the waterline.

INNER HARBOUR BONEYARD

Throughout the late 19th-century, other hulks began to accumulate in the Inner Harbour near the Cotton Mill, such as the schooner Belle. During the 'coal famine' caused by striking coalminers in 1902, eight hulks were hauled up on shore near the Cotton Mill (later known as the Woolen Mill). Firewood was harvested from their exposed vertical ribs and planking. These included the steamer Indian and the former sidewheel-steamer turned-barge City of Kingston.

The Kingston & Pembroke built two pile-wharves (also known as spile-docks) out into the harbour, to facilitate the transfer of minerals from mines located on its northern end, to ships. These pile-wharves had become derelict by the turn of the century. Though there was no formal Kingston ship graveyard, some were scuttled in Lake Ontario off Amherst Island and near Nine-Mile Point. Still others could not make that journey, and made it only as far as the Inner Harbour. By 1910, numerous skiffs, yachts and steamers were abandoned there, many near the pile-wharves, and most up to 50 years old. 

A FOOT-OF-THE-LAKES TERMINAL PROPOSED

In 1911, the idea of a Foot-of-the-Lakes Terminal was floated. Kingston was not exactly possessed of a great harbour. The Outer Harbour had been dredged to 18 feet, but only to provide a channel to the Montreal Transportation Co. and Richardson elevators, as shown on a 1920 hydrographic chart. Elsewhere, depths ranged from seven to 16 feet. A small portion of the Inner Harbour, just north of the causeway bridge, was dredged to a depth of 14 feet.

Kingston’s ambitious bid to become just such a terminal relied on the Inner Harbour. The only way to achieve an equal footing with major lake ports Midland, Port Arthur and Toronto would be substantial government funding. The city requested dredging of the Inner Harbour to a depth of 22 feet, connection of Belle Island to the mainland with the dredged sludge, and replacement of the old Cataraqui Penny Bridge. This would open up the Inner Harbour to lake shipping. Water in the Inner Harbour was only six to eight feet deep, for the most part.

The Department of Public Works submitted a $1.8 million plan to the city in 1912. The plan included a new rolling-lift bridge with 125-foot vertical clearance and dredging ($157,000) to open up the Inner Harbour via a new Lasalle Causeway. The Causeway’s bridge, 950 feet of dock and 1,700 feet of roadway ($230,000) were the initial steps in a grandiose plan to make the Inner Harbour a true Great Lakes Terminal! Further funds would be required for the envisioned five million-bushel grain elevator ($1,224,690) with further expansion to forty million bushels and fifty-car long loading tracks, coal-handling plant, docks, freight shed and a 500-car freight yard! The proposed Inner Harbour basin, its 53 acres dredged to 25 feet, would host 600 x 60-foot freight sheds adjacent to Belle Island. Wintering facilities for lake vessels would also be built.

A 1921 chart showed six steamers and three barges near the pile-wharves, now part of Canadian Pacific Railway following its 1913 acquisition of the Kingston & Pembroke. The vessels had been made surplus due to a post-war depression and fleet modernization, or simply old age. Steamers Rickarton, Nicaragua, Sarnor, Stormount, Maplegreen, Maplegeorge, Mapleglen (the last four belonging to Canada Steamship Lines); coal schooner Abbie L. Andrews; and Montreal Transportation Co. barges Chicago and Glengarry.

Some of these derelict vessels could be towed away, but most would have to be exploded and dredged-out. Then there were the difficulties of establishing ownership, performing the work, and absorbing the cost. 

City Council heard in 1923 that there were as many as 40 hulks to be dealt with before the ambitious terminal project could proceed. It never did.

DEALING WITH THE BONEYARD

The CPR agreed to remove the pile-wharves in 1929. The work was supervised by W.J. Gates, 85 years old at the time! It was hoped that this action, and the removal of nearby hulks, would make the Inner Harbour at least a prime winter lay-up site for lake vessels. Throughout the 1920's and 1930's, some of the vessels were towed by Donnelly and Sincennes-McNaughton salvage tugs to the lake graveyards and sunk. The Three CSL Maple vessels were so removed in 1925. Otherwise, they were susceptible to arson if they remained.

Several smaller hulks remained near shore, in locations unlikely to pose a threat to navigation. Their wooden skeletons slowly rotted away in the silty harbour water. Their intended purpose and placement may have been to act as pier extensions or breakwaters for docks. 

In the 1950's, several newer floating hulks accumulated near Canadian Dredge & Dock. Examples were the coal barge Theresa T., government tender Concretia, and a CD&D barge now known as C.D.110, formerly the steamer Rapids Queen.

The construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway made CD&D a beehive of activity as dredges and scows went out to work in the shipping lane. After the Seaway's completion, Kingston's standing as a port all but sank. CD&D's now-surplus fleet rapidly became an eyesore in itself.

THE BONEYARD STUDIED

A 1994 archaeological and historical study, funded by the Ontario Heritage Foundation, was conducted by Jonathan Moore and managed by Maurice Smith. The results were published in the catch-up issue of FreshWater - A Journal of Great Lakes Marine History, published by the Marine Museum of the Great Lakes at Kingston, 1995-96, and in which the two charts in this post were presented. The study charted the extant remains of 14 vessels. All faced east-west, were upright, and submerged or partially-submerged. Wooden-hulled except for one with steel plating, the method of propulsion could not be reliably ascertained due to their advanced state of decay. One was screw-propelled, and at least three had been unpropelled scows. 

The identity of only three of the 14 vessels can be known. All three are 100-200 metres off Doug Fluhrer Park, at the end of Wellington Street. These are:

• barge Glengarry (1873/1915)
• barge Chicago (1872/1915)
• coal-schooner Abbie L. Andrews (1873/1920).

Dates in brackets are (Date Built/Date Arrived in Inner Harbour or register entry closed). Other vessels that were known to have entered the boneyard but not known to have exited: 

• schooners Belle (1857/1885); N.H. Ferry (1867/1913); Mary A. Daryaw (1866/1927)
• steamers Indian (1853/1882); City of Kingston (1874/1901)
• pinflat Adele (1893/1908)

THE BONEYARD TODAY

Weed growth, landfill, sediment and shallow depths make many of the remaining hulks' locations inaccessible, therefore invisible. Knowledgeable boaters and rowers are aware of areas to avoid. 

Going back in time when the hulks were visible, they were seen as eyesores and hazards. Today they are barely visible, viewed with intrigue, curiosity and as mysterious melancholy reminders of Kingston's marine history.