Imagine my surprise when I visited Nancy and received not a copy, but the original typewritten memoirs! Along with her father's memories of his job as with Canadian National Telegraphs were several actual telegrams he'd received over his career, along with a few related paper items. This post also contains photos of the telegrams. I was pleased to be given these by Nancy, and in this post I'm publishing some excerpts that give a glimpse not only into telegraphy in Kingston but also spanning one man's career in this forgotten field of communication.
I've estimated dates for each location, and excerpts have been lightly edited for style, with any additions in [square brackets] and verbatim text by George in "quotation marks". [I hereby renounce any claim to more than a skimmingly superficial knowledge of telegraph technology. After all, does a historian have to know everything about a historical subject to document it? I would direct readers to someone who does, my brother David and his comprehensive Rolly Martin Country blog series entitled The Telegraph - In Six Parts.]
Gordon started as a bicycle messenger boy. For two years, George was paid $25 a month, roughly 10 cents an hours based on working 8 a.m. - 6 p.m., every third week 8 a.m. - 8 p.m., sharing Sundays and holidays with the other messengers and no overtime pay!
PETERBOROUGH - 1933
Mastering the telegraph key allowed messengers to advance to operators, otherwise a career as a clerk would constitute advancement. Operator Frank Sherwood ran a Morse school for telegraphers from his home in Peterborough as a money-making scheme. Once George applied himself to the Morse, his satisfaction with his lot improved. Messengers, contrary to popular opinion, did not necessarily receive tips. One exception was a midway barker received a telegram from George saying his wife had come through an operation with flying colours. The barker read the message then started dispensing quarters out of the money-changer on his belt - seven in total!
The lack of automobiles at the time made bicycling easier. There were fewer than 200 in a city of moderate size, and farmers came to town by horse and sleigh. Breadmen and milkmen put on their winter sleighs as soon as the first snow fell. There was no snow removal as the snow was left for the sleighs. Streetcar systems kept their tracks clean however, which made bicycling easier.
Peterborough's Quaker Oats received 10-12 CNDs each day from Saskatoon and Chicago with grain prices. Getting back to the telegraph office, he didn't get off his bike because there was another CND to deliver. The Western Clock Co. known as Westclox built their factory atop the highest hill in town. George managed to pedal uphill two-thirds of the way, but never to the top. The streetcar ran line only ran up to the bottom of the hill, so workers had a climb to start their day.
During the Depression [June, 1933] the Presbyterian Church in Canada General Assembly was held in Peterborough. A wire was strung into an upstairs Sunday school room of the church. Inspector Tom Taylor ran the copy from downstairs - as a Scotchman he felt that special attention should be given to this Scottish gathering.
Linemen did not have an easy job. The line power came from 30-odd five-gallon glass jars on a dirt-floor basement extension, under a sidewalk. The jars had to be cleaned and rejuvenated every six months. These supplied DC current to the telegrapher's sounders. While the acid was being changed by a lineman, normally responsible for battery maintenance, or even the operator, any splash of acid meant kissing your clothing goodbye! Linemen had a non-motorized track vehicle. When the line gang was in town, they had their own dining car and sleeping accommodation parked on a siding. Once, George took a message to the gang's cook and he insisted George have a piece of his apple pie!
Afteray summer stint at Oshawa, superintendent Wells offered George a permanent job at The Falls.
One day, the line gang was troubleshooting, and had thrown a wire over the streetcar power line and connected it to their cable. This was expected to blow a hole in the trouble spot. Instead, it came right through the switchboard and a lightning-like flash shot clean across the office. If the operator had been standing there, it would have blinded him.
There were rooms on each side of the office used by train crews, with small windows on each side. One Sunday morning, George had forgotten his keys but successfully made an entrance through one of these small windows, though nicking a corner of the pane in the process. The manager made him pay for the new glass, though the messenger told him that a month before, the same manager made the messenger break the glass when he also forgot his keys, and that the CN Building and Bridges (B&B) gang had replaced it at no charge!
For $24, George bought his best-fitting suit ever, hand-tailored by a tailor up Erie Avenue. There was a one-armed operator in the yard office. One day the circuit was out so George and a colleague handled the traffic consisting of car numbers, and they agreed it was quite a battle.
Train crews set their watches by the huge railroad clock in the their office. Each morning at 11 a.m. a time signal was received from the Ottawa observatory. A card, hanging below, was adjusted to show the number of seconds it was out.
GUELPH
BELLEVILLE - 1935
George took over as temporary manager from the "clean-cut, good-living fellow who never smoke or drank". The pole line came down Coleman Street, around houses and was built before automobiles. As cars became popular, the residents found the couldn't have driveways to their houses due to pole locations. The telegraph companies had priority when it came to right-of-way, and no residents accepted CN's offer to have the poles moved for the sum of $300!
The first teletype installation in a broker's office required the installer to build a small table in the office basement to hold the electric motor needed to convert AC to DC. A year later, the electric motor was discontinued and a vacuum-tube converter installed upstairs behind the switchboard. Later, a stock ticker was also ordered.
A few years later, an oddball fellow who seemed to believe he was a secret service operator for the RCMP started sending cables to overseas dignitaries such as Governors-General in Singapore, Hong Kong and even Moscow. A quiet chap of around 40 years of age, it was said he had been brain-injured during the [First World] war.
As the Depression deepened, the company asked all employees to take a half-day off per week with no pay. A ten-day strike later resulted in a 40-hour week being brought in. At that time, hourly pay was around 25 to 30 cents for most workers. Families on 'relief' were furnished with a quarter-cord of wood monthly plus food vouchers for specific corner grocery stores. Able-bodied men were compelled to work on city projects. Old fellows were forced to work in the middle of winter levelling the hill on Zwicks Island or shovelling snow on the main streets. Many of them were ill-dressed for the cold winds blowing off the Bay of Quinte, and ended up with frozen feet.
Campbellford and Stirling hockey teams played a playoff game in Belleville [1934]. CNR ran special trains from both points, running down Pinnacle Street to the arena - the only time such specials ever ran.
The threat of war led to the economy recovering. During the war years, there was a considerable increased in traffic off the crack CNR trains: No 6 eastbound at 6 p.m. and No 15 westbound at 7 p.m. With messages destined to Brockville and Kingston there was a rush to get them to these points prior to train travel.
The competition was the the North American Telegraph Co., a subsidiary of Bell Telephone having purchased the franchise some years back so they would have license to operate telegraph equipment wherever they wished. North American covered Kingston, Belleville, Picton, Trenton, Campbellford and Deseronto.
During the war years, the manufacutre of automobiles and household appliances was put on hold, resulting in pent-up demand when the war ended. Upto this time only an ice box was used, and most were anxious to go electric. Walter Douglas helped George get a refrigerator after the war - a deluxe model costing $150!
Leo LeBlanc from Montreal took over as ticket agent, and a few months after that, Bart Kenney of Brockville. George, Leo and Bart went to Gananoque one afternoon to familiarize Bart with some of the customers there. Leo's only call was at the Blinkbonnie Hotel, and he asked to be picked up later. Bart and George made their calls and stopped to pick up Leo two hours later. Leo was slamming out a tune on the piano, and he was quite good! The only others in the dining room were two of the hotel staff and they had apparently supplied Leo with plenty of beer!
Leo was recalled to Montreal and chief clerk Frank Becker took over. Finally, tickets moved to the Outer Station with Bart Kenney in charge and Becker going to the Belleville area office. Later, as the passenger department was starting cutbacks, Bart was forced to take early retirement.
When express was amalgamated with freight, Jake Mills was moved up from freight agent to terminal traffic manager. The repeater station was handling a considerable amount of the traffic in the evenings after the downtown office closed. Telegraph technician Guy Dalton was transferred to Montreal and replaced by Gord Smithson. Ken McIntyre retired and was replaced by Don Harris. Mel Kealey, lineman, got along with everyone, though George overruled him once. When CN closed out the Forfar station, the agent wanted to keep the Morse equipment. Mel maintained that his instructions were to ship all material to head office. George wired the superintendent and the agent's desire was fulfilled!
George retired in 1975.
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